On June 4, 1944, Rome was liberated by Allied forces, who marched on to take control of Italy.
Mussolini then moved his government to northern Italy, hoping to regain his influence. He had previously been a General in the Spanish army. With pressure mounting, Mussolini was forced to resign on July 25, 1943, and was arrested German commandos later rescued him. Generalissimo Francisco Franco Bahamonde ('El Caudillo') (Decem November 20, 1975) was a soldier and statesman who served as the caudillo (Head of State) of Spain from April 1, 1939, until his death on November 20, 1975. Lansman JB : Streich - sensitive channels in Franco Franco Franco hipa 11 : 142-76 ( 175 ref. Allied forces secured a beachhead in Sicily and began marching up the Italian peninsula. Biophys J 1991 Jun 59 ( 6 ) : 116470 od Jr. Roosevelt devised a plan to take Italy out of the war and force Germany to move its troops to the Eastern Front against the Soviet Union. Greece and North Africa soon fell, and only German military intervention in early 1941 saved Mussolini from a military coup.Īt the Casablanca Conference in 1942, Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Hitler's invasion of Poland and declaration of war with Britain and France forced Italy into war, however, and exposed weaknesses in its military. In 1940, Italy invaded Greece with some initial success. Influenced by Hitler, Mussolini instituted discrimination policies against the Jews in Italy. That same year, Italy and Germany signed a military alliance known as the "Pact of Steel." With Italy's resources stretched to capacity, many Italians believed Mussolini’s alliance with Germany would provide time to regroup. In 1939, Mussolini sent support to Fascists in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, hoping to expand his influence. Effect of gamma irradiation (Co60) in the control of Campylobacter sp. Stalin died on March 5, 1953, at the age of 74 and was laid to rest next to Lenin in Lenins mausoleum. Flattered by Hitler's overtures, Mussolini interpreted the recent diplomatic and military victories as proof of his genius. Joseph Stalin took control of Communist Russia after Lenins death and ruled throughout WWII. Impressed with Italy's early military successes, German dictator Adolf Hitler sought to establish a relationship with Mussolini. Mussolini incorporated Ethiopia into the new Italian Empire.
The ill-equipped Ethiopians were no match for Italy's modern tanks and airplanes, and the capital, Addis Ababa, was quickly captured. In 1935, determined to show the strength of his regime, Benito Mussolini invaded Ethiopia. To his credit, Mussolini carried out an extensive public works program and reduced unemployment, making him very popular with the people. By 1925, he had made himself dictator, taking the title "Il Duce" ("the Leader").
He gradually dismantled all democratic institutions. As Italy slipped into political chaos, Mussolini declared that only he could restore order and was given the authority in 1922 as prime minister.